HIGH TECH IN EARTH SPACE RESEARCH

Assessment of the quality of a still image at the steganographic digital watermarks hiding by the method of spread spectrum

Sheluhin O.I., Kanaev S.D.

The article examines the problem of copyright protection by embedding a digital watermark in a still image by the method of direct-sequence spread spectrum.

At the beginning of this article provides basic information about the use of the digital watermarks, described the main idea of embedding a watermark in the cover image and defined the basic requirements for digital systems, that used watermarks. It is selected the main areas of the image, that used for embedding a watermark, and transformations, which can be used in the selected area. It is introduced theoretical description of the direct-sequence spread spectrum method, the basic equations for the modulation algorithm, procedures of embedding and extraction, and also described the condition responsible for the quality of hidden watermark extraction.

 It is introduced the block diagram of the watermark embedding algorithm by the method of direct-sequence spread spectrum with description of the performed actions and list of input and output parameters at each step. It is obtained the plots, that characterizing the properties of the basis functions: the correlation function of pseudo-random sequences, and the dependence of the error on the degree of orthogonality of the cover image to the basis functions.

The results of assessment of quality of a still image after embedding a watermark in it and the quality of the digital watermark after extraction from the original image are represented. The main metrics by which received estimations of quality of the cover image, containing watermark, and the watermark are noted.

As the metrics used Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).

The dependences showing the influence the size of the embedded watermark on image quality have been received. It is shown that the quality of the cover image, containing the watermark, decreases significantly with increasing the size of the watermark. It is analyzed the influence characteristics of the pseudo-random sequence on the quality of the steganographic watermark hiding and the quality of the watermark extraction from the signal of the cover image.

The subject of published articles on the nomenclature of specialties

2.2.15 Systems, networks and telecommunications (technical sciences)

2.3.1 System analysis, management and processing of information (technical sciences)

2.3.5 Mathematical and software of computing systems, complexes and computer networks (technical sciences)

2.3.6 Methods and information protection systems, information security (technical sciences)

2.5.13 Design, design and production of aircraft (technical sciences)

2.5.16 Dynamics, ballistics, the movement of aircraft (technical sciences)

Editorial board

Bobrowsky V.I.
(Ph.D., Associate Professor, Head of Department of "INTELTEH")

Borisov V.V.
(Ph.D., Professor, Actual Member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Professor, Department of Computer Science of MPEI)

Budko P.A.
(Ph.D., Professor, Department of Technical communication and automation in S.M. Budjonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps)

Budnikov S.A.
(Ph.D., associate professor, Actual Member of the Academy of Education Informatization, Head of the automated control systems Department in Russian Air Force Military Educational and Scientific Center “Air Force Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin”)

Verhova G.V.
(Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Automation communication companies In the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications)

Goncharevsky V.S.
(Ph.D., Professor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, Professor of technologies and technical support and maintenance of the automated control systems in Military Space Academy of A.F. Mozhaysky)

Komashinskiy V.I.
(Ph.D., Professor, professor of processing and transmission discrete messages in the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications)

Kirpanev A.V.
(Ph.D., Associate Professor, Head of JSC "Scientific Production Enterprise "Radar MMS")

Kurnosov V.I.
(Ph.D., Professor, Academician of Academy of Sciences of the Arctic, Academician of the International Academy of Informatization, International Academy of defense, security, law and order, corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Senior Researcher" Open Joint Stock Company "Scientific Research Institute "Rubin")

Manuilov Y.S.
(Ph.D., Professor, Department of automated control systems space complexes in Military Space Academy of A.F. Mozhaysky)

Morozov A.V.
(Ph.D., Professor, Actual Member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Head of the Department of automated command and control systems in Military Аcademy of troops of antiaircraft defense)

Moshak N.N.
(Ph.D., Associate Professor, head of the department of "INTELTEH")

Prorok V.Y.
(Ph.D., Professor, professor of automatic control systems in Military Space Academy of A.F. Mozhaysky)

Semenov S.S.
(Ph.D., associate professor, professor of technical communication and automation in S.M. Budjonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps)

Sinicyn E.A.
(Ph.D., Professor, Head of the Research Department of JSC "The All-Russian research institute of radio equipment")

Shatrakov Y.G.
(Ph.D., Professor, Honored Worker of Science, Scientific Secretary of JSC "The All-Russian research institute of radio equipment")